In the backdrop of Partition, supreme importance was given to consolidating and preserving national boundaries against further fragmentation.
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Communities that had lived together peacefully for centuries suddenly turned on each other due to political polarization. challenges of nation building class 12 notes hot
Ans: The three main challenges were:
" focuses on the three critical tasks India faced immediately after independence in 1947: , establishing democracy , and ensuring equitable development . 1. The Three Core Challenges In the backdrop of Partition, supreme importance was
Cities like Lahore, Amritsar, and Kolkata became divided into "communal zones" where people avoided areas dominated by other religious communities.
Let's break down the sub-challenges in more detail. giving minority languages institutional protection.
| State | Challenge | Outcome | |-------|-----------|---------| | | Nizam wanted independence | Operation Polo (1948) – Military action ✅ | | Junagadh | Nawab acceded to Pakistan (but people Hindu majority) | Plebiscite → India ✅ | | Kashmir | Maharaja Hari Singh hesitant | Pakistan invasion → Accession to India ✅ | | Manipur, Tripura | Monarchies reluctant | Merged through agreements |
The Maharaja of Manipur, Bodhachandra Singh, signed the Instrument of Accession before independence on the assurance that the internal autonomy of Manipur would be maintained.
To achieve economic growth and eradicate poverty through effective economic policies, ensuring that development benefited all sections of society, especially the socially and economically marginalized. Partition: Displacement and Rehabilitation
It by fulfilling regional aspirations, giving minority languages institutional protection.