Habituation occurs when an animal stops reacting to a harmless, repeated stimulus, like traffic noise. Sensitization happens when a stimulus causes an increasingly intense reaction, such as a worsening fear of thunderstorms. Behavioral Signs of Medical Issues

: Changes in behavior, such as a dog stopping a normal activity like tail wagging, can be an early sign of pain or distress. Clinical Benefits

Using continuous treats like peanut butter, squeeze cheese, or wet food during exams and injections to create positive associations.

Puzzle feeders that force dogs, cats, or primates to problem-solve for their meals, keeping their minds sharp.

: The "4Rs" framework— Reduce , Refine , Replace , and Responsibility —for using animal models in scientific studies.

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Ultimately, viewing veterinary medicine through the lens of animal behavior ensures that our treatments protect not just the physical bodies of animals, but their minds as well.

Veterinary science recognizes that many behavioral disorders are neurochemical disorders.

Veterinary science integrates biology, physics, and chemistry to maintain animal health and solve clinical problems.

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